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Figure 1. (a) Coronal diagram shows embryological development of the renal veins and inferior vena cava. Three paired embryonic vessels and their anastomoses contribute the inferior vena cava and renal veins. Dashed lines represent trace of the left renal vein variants; normal left renal vein, type 1 retroaortic left renal vein and type 2 retroaortic left renal vein. (b) Coronal diagram shows upper (Type 1) and lower (Type 2) double retroaortic left renal veins (RLRV) identified in our patients. LOV: left ovarian vein, IVC: inferior vena cava, LRV: left renal vein, card: cardinal, post: posterior.
