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Figure 1. Single low-dose induced adaptive responses have a protecting function through various mechanisms. Note that mechanisms of DNA damage prevention and repair and the immune stimulation decrease after a maximum at doses between 0.1 Gy and 0.2 Gy, in contrast to apoptosis incidence that increases with dose. Absorbed dose is in Gy and also in terms of microdosimetry, in that the mean energy deposition per particle traversal per defined micromass (specific energy 
) (ICRU 1983) [1] is multiplied by the number of such events (NH) in the number of exposed micromasses (NE).
