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The role of stem cells and cell–cell communication in radiation carcinogenesis: ignored concepts

246 National Food Safety Toxicology Center, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. The initiation/promotion/progression model of carcinogenesis. 1=rate of terminal differentiation and death of stem cell daughter; 2=blockage of normal terminal differentiation of the initiated stem cell (---||–) but not of the proliferation of the initiated cell. This initiated cell can no longer divide asymmetrically but can divide symmetrically; 1=rate of stem cell renewal after stem cell divides asymmetrically; 2=rate of cell division of initiated cells; µ1=rate of the molecular event leading to initiation (i.e. mutation); µ2=rate at which the second event occurs within an initiated cell. (With permission from: Trosko et al. In: Hertberg EL, Johnson RG, editors. Gap junctions: Modern cell biology, Vol. 7. New York, NY: Alan R Liss Inc., 1998:435–48.)