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Hypoxia can be detected in irradiated normal human tissue: a study using the hypoxic marker pimonidazole hydrochloride

¹ Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, ² The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, ³ Department of Pathology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London,, ⁴ Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, Section of Clinical Trials, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK

View larger version (102K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. (a–c) CAIX staining and (d–f) pimonidazole hydrochloride staining. (a) Strong membranous staining of CAIX is seen in clear cell renal cell carcinoma control tissue; (b) focal expression of CAIX can be seen in the basal layer and stratum spinosum of the epidermis in irradiated skin. (c) Membranous staining of CAIX in irradiated breast tissue is absent. (d) Strongly positive cytoplasmic staining of pimonidazole hydrochloride is seen adjacent to areas of necrosis in pleomorphic sarcoma tissue control. (e) Pimonidazole hydrochloride staining is shown in the stratum spinosum of epidermis and sweat glands (arrowheads). (f) Positive pimonidazole hydrochloride staining of luminal cells in irradiated breast tissue is associated with (g) cell atypia, atrophy and sclerosis of the TDLU.