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First published online March 28, 2007
British Journal of Radiology (2007) 80, 73-76
© 2007 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/bjr/17111243

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Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis following the administration of extracellular gadolinium based contrast agents: is the stability of the contrast agent molecule an important factor in the pathogenesis of this condition?

S K Morcos, FRCS, FFRRCSI, FRCR

Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK


Figure 1
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Figure 1. The chemical structure of gadopentetate(Gd-DTPA, an ionic linear molecule). Gadolinium ion (Gd+++ ) in the chelate has nine coordination sites (dotted lines), five with carboxyl groups and three with amino nitrogen atoms. The remaining vacant site is coordinated with a water molecule (H2O).

 

Figure 2
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Figure 2. The chemical structure of gadodiamide(Gd-DTPA-BMA, a non-ionic linear molecule). In this molecule, the carboxyl groups are reduced to three as the other two carboxyl groups have been replaced by non-ionic methyl amide (CONHC3). Both amide carbonyl atoms are directly coordinated to Gd+++, but the binding is weaker in comparison with that of the carboxyl groups. A coordination site with a water molecule (H2O) is present.

 

Figure 3
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Figure 3. The chemical structure of gadoterate(Gd-DOTA, an ionic cyclic molecule). In this molecule, Gd+++ in the centre of the chelate has coordination sites with four carboxyl groups and four amino nitrogen atoms. The remaining vacant site is coordinated with a water molecule (H2O).

 





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