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British Journal of Radiology (2006) 79, 248-253
© 2006 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/bjr/13169882
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Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent

J F Hainfeld, PhD 1 D N Slatkin, MD 1 T M Focella, BS 1 and H M Smilowitz, PhD 2

1 Nanoprobes, Inc., 95 Horse Block Road, Yaphank, NY 11980, 2 University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1. X-ray images mouse hind legsin vivo. (a) Before injection; (b) 2 min post tail vein injection of gold nanoparticles; (c) 2 min after equal weight of iodine contrast agent (Omnipaque®). Arrow points to leg with tumour and increased vascularity. Arrowhead points to 100 µm diameter vessel. Bar = 5 mm. (Figures 1a and 1bGo are reproduced with permission from Phys Med Biol [12]).

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2. Pharmacokinetics of gold nanoparticles(a–d) and iodine contrast agent (e–h, Omnipaque®) in mice. (a,e) Before injection. (b,f) 2 min after injection; (c,g) 10 min after injection; (d,h) 60 min after injection. The gold nanoparticles show low liver and spleen uptake and clearance via kidneys and bladder (b–d). At 60 min (d), the contrast in the gold-injected mouse is similar to the uninjected mouse (a), indicating efficient clearance.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3. Planar X-ray image of kidneys in live mouse 60 min after intravenous injection of gold nanoparticles (a) or iodine contrast medium (b, Omnipaque®). Arrow points to 100 µm ureter. Bar = 1 mm.

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4. Pharmacokinetic data showing biodistribution of gold in mice following a 0.2 ml intravenous injection of gold nanoparticles showing percent injected dose per gram in the blood, kidneys, liver, muscle, and tumour over a 24 h period.

 




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