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British Journal of Radiology (2005) 78, 528-532
© 2005 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/bjr/82990907
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Comparative analyses of the dynamic properties of the bladder wall studied by repetitive pelvic CT scans of patients and cryo-sections of cadavers

E Dale, PhD1, T P Hellebust, MSc1,2, Ø S Bruland, MD, PhD1,3 and D R Olsen, PhD1,2

1 Centre for Training and Research in Radiotherapy, 2 Department of Medical Physics and 3 Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Box 20, N-0310 Oslo, Norway



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  		Figure 1. Example of a photograph of a cadaver cryo-section (US National Library of Medicine's Visible Human Project) from a male pelvis (top) compared with the corresponding CT image (bottom).

 


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  		Figure 2. The spherical shell model for bladder. Symbols are explained in Appendix 1.

 


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  		Figure 3. Transverse cross-sectional areas of the urinary bladder as a function of caudocranial position as determined from four repetitive CT scans of the same patient. Second order polynomials have been fitted to the Aout data in agreement with theory (Appendix 1).

 


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  		Figure 4. Normalized Awall (transverse cross-sectional area of the wall tissue divided by the mean Awall of each CT scan) as a function of normalized Aout (transverse cross-sectional area enclosed by the outer contour of the bladder divided by the mean Aout of the same CT scan). A linear regression line has been fitted to the cryo-section data while the patient and phantom data have been pooled (for clarity) showing mean values with 95% confidence intervals. Bin size was chosen to achieve a bin width of 0.15–0.20 along the abscissa. Linear regression analysis applied on the patient CT scan data gave y=0.21x+0.79 (R2=0.18, p<0.001, n=123), i.e. a considerably smaller, although statistically significant slope compared with the slope of the line fitted to the cryo-section data: y=0.74x+0.26 (R2=0.52, p<0.001, n=52). Linear regression applied on the phantom study provided a slight negative association: y=–0.076x+1.08 (R2=0.11, p<0.001, n=171).

 


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  		Figure 5. Volume of bladder wall (Vwall) as a function of total bladder volume (Vout) from repetitive CT examinations on our own patients and from cadaver cryo-sections. Linear regression gave a statistically significant association between Vout and Vwall (R2=0.72, p<0.001, n=24).

 




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