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Perioperative monitoring of flow and patency in native and grafted internal mammary arteries using a combined MR protocol

¹ Department of Diagnostic Radiology and ² Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Hoppe Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. (a) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction of an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft including the distal anstomosis to the left anterior descending artery. Discontinuity through clip artefacts. (b) Single slice images of the MR angiography of the same patient.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. MR angiography maximum intensity projection poorly demarcated left internal mammary artery graft with disruption.

View larger version (131K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Selective bypass catheterization of the same patient: left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft well contrasted. Short black arrows: LIMA graft. Long white arrow: anastomosis to left anterior descending artery.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Representative left internal mammary artery (LIMA) flow quantification pre- and post-operatively of the same patient. (a) Pre-operatively monophasic flow pattern with systolic maximum. (b) Post-operatively biphasic flow pattern in LIMA graft with maximum diastolic peak.

View larger version (99K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. (a) Magnitude- and (b) Phase-Image of the post-operative flow quantification sequence. The arrows show the left internal mammary artery graft.