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Considerations on the measurement of practical peak voltage in diagnostic radiology

Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Direcciones de Servicios Tecnológicos e Investigación Científica, Apartado Postal 18-1027, Colonia Escandón, C.P. 11801, México D.F., México and Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Departamento de Electrónica, Apartado Postal 890, Toluca, México

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Arrangement for the measurement of the waveform and exposure time.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Basic circuit of the Waveform Tester for X-rays (WATEX).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Time and voltage error of the X-ray unit in the settings, for 100 mA and 250 ms, corresponding to 25 mAs.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Time error of the Diavolt for an X-ray exposure of 100 mA and 250 ms. Upper traces are for the time measured in the analogue output signal, lower traces are for the digital readings.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. Error in the measurement of tube voltage in the Diavolt for 100 mA, 250 ms: (a) practical peak voltage (PPV); (b) kVp.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 6. Time error in the measurements of exposure time with the WATEX for a shot of X-rays, 100 mA and 250 ms.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Figure 7. Response of different instruments to a 80 kV, 100 mA X-rays exposure: trace 1 is the signal of anode to cathode voltage measured with Dynalyzer; trace 2 is the anode current signal measured with the Dynalyzer; trace 3 is the output signal from the Diavolt; trace 4 is the output signal from the WATEX.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 8. Relationship between the output voltage of the Diavolt and the tube voltage, measured for 100 mA and 250 ms.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Figure 9. Comparison of the normalized response of four instruments following an X-ray exposure, 100 mA.