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British Journal of Radiology (2003) 76, 177-188
© 2003 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/bjr/52734084
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A study and optimization of lumbar spine X-ray imaging systems

G McVey, D.Phil1, M Sandborg, PhD2, D R Dance, PhD, FIPEM1 and G Alm Carlsson, PhD, FInstP2

1Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK and 2Department of Radiation Physics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE581 85 Linköping, Sweden



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  		Figure 1. The imaging system included in the Monte Carlo model of the lumbar spine anterior-posterior projection. The bony structures in the voxel phantom have been highlighted.

 


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  		Figure 2. The effect of tube voltage on (a) effective dose, (b) optical density (OD) difference of the L5 transverse process and (c) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a trabecular structure on the L1 vertebra for the anteroposterior projection. The effect of tube voltage on (d) effective dose, (e) OD difference of the L3 spinous process and (f) SNR of a trabecular structure on the front of the L1 vertebra for the lateral projection.

 


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  		Figure 3. The effect of two grids with strip density N=40 cm-1 with aluminium and carbon fibre covers and interspaces and a third grid with a strip density N=70 cm-1, strip width d=20 µm with carbon fibre covers and interspaces on (a) effective dose, (b) optical density (OD) difference of the L3 transverse process and (c) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the trabecular structure on the L3 vertebra for the anteroposterior projection. The effect of the same grids on (d) effective dose, (e) OD difference of the L3 spinous process and (f) SNR of the trabecular structure at an anterior position on the L5 vertebra for the lateral projection.

 


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  		Figure 4. The effect of screen–film speed class on (a) effective dose, (b) optical density (OD) difference of the L3 tranverse process and (c) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the trabecular structure on the L3 vertebra for the anteroposterior projection. The effect of screen–film sensitivity class on (d) effective dose, (e) OD difference of the L3 spinous process and (f) SNR of the trabecular structure at an anterior position on the L5 vertebra for the lateral projection.

 


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  		Figure 5. The effect of median optical density (OD) on (a) effective dose, (b) OD difference and (c) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the anteroposterior projection. The effect of median OD on (d) effective dose, (e) OD difference and (f) SNR for the lateral projection.

 


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  		Figure 6. The optimization of median optical density with (a) the highest tube voltage consistent with the requirement to obtain at least 90% of the image quality of the reference system for all details considered and (b) the corresponding values of the effective dose relative to the reference system values for the anterior-posterior view. The optimization of median optical density with (c) the highest tube voltage and (d) the corresponding effective dose for the lateral view.

 




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