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MRI of the sternum and sternoclavicular joints

Glenfield Hospital NHS Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK

View larger version (103K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. (a) Coronal and (b) sagittal T2 weighted images and (c) sagittal T1 weighted image of the normal sternum. The manubrium, body and xiphoid process are clearly visualized. The coronal image is in a plane parallel to the body of the sternum. (d) Coronal T2 image in a plane parallel to the manubrium depicting the sternoclavicular joints (SCJs). On the coronal oblique images, the costochondral and chondrosternal junctions are well seen (a,d). The SCJs with the articular surfaces, covering fibrocartilage and articular disc are well depicted (d,e).

View larger version (136K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Severe pectus excavatum. (a) Axial and (b) sagittal T1 weighted images showing sternal depression with decrease in the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax and deviation of the heart. Deformity of the sternal body and xiphoid process are seen well on the coronal slices. (c) Axial T1 weighted image of minor pectus excavatum. Goretex sheet used for pectoplasty is visible on the left side (arrowhead).

View larger version (156K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Unfused segments of the body of the sternum with angulation of the sternum in an 18-year-old male. The sternal segments usually fuse around puberty.

View larger version (86K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Poland's syndrome. (a) Coronal T2 weighted, (b) axial T1 weighted and (c) coronal T1 weighted images showing absence of the pectoralis major and minor muscles, serratus anterior and lattisimus dorsi on the right side. The rhomboids are hypoplastic as well. Coronal sections show the absence of the sternal and clavicular heads of the pectoralis muscles on the right side and deformity of the sternum.

View larger version (130K): [in a new window]   Figure 5. Sagittal (a) T1 and (b) T2 weighted images of the sternum depict a healed fracture. Site of bone healing and the resulting deformity are demonstrated.

View larger version (87K): [in a new window]   Figure 6. Oblique coronal T2 weighted image shows narrowing of the sternoclavicular joint space inferiorly, capsular hypertrophy and marginal osteophyte on the left side in a patient with osteoarthritis.

View larger version (109K): [in a new window]   Figure 7. Oblique coronal T1 weighted images showing low signal in the medial end of the right clavicle, suggesting sclerosis in a patient with osteitis condensans.

View larger version (122K): [in a new window]   Figure 8. Osteomyelitis of the sternum. Sagittal (a) T2 weighted and (b) T1 weighted images showing a collection around the sternum, destruction of the distal half of the manubrium and adjacent body of the sternum, and soft tissue swelling in the pre- and retro-sternal areas. Extensive anterior periosteal elevation with sub-periosteal collection is also noted.

View larger version (117K): [in a new window]   Figure 9. Tuberculosis. Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sagittal image showing destruction on the middle third of the sternum with a collection around it. The collection is high signal on STIR.

View larger version (63K): [in a new window]   Figure 10. Axial (a) T1 and (b) T2 weighted images showing a collection around the sternum on the right side with a sinus tract extending to the skin in a patient with an infected mesh.

View larger version (88K): [in a new window]   Figure 11. Lymphoma. (a) Axial and (b) coronal short tau inversion recovery images show a high signal destructive mass in the manubrium sternum.