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Development of a phantom for morphometric X-ray absorptiometry

J A Rea, PhD G M Blake, PhD and I Fogelman, MD

Osteoporosis Screening and Research Unit, 16th Floor Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas' Street, London SE1 9RT, UK



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  		Figure 1. Morphometric X-ray absortiometry phantom construction. (a) Overview of phantom shape. (b)Top view of phantom. (c) Spacing and size of "vertebrae". (d) Side view of a phantom "vertebra" constructed from 3 mm thick aluminium with 6 mm thick raised "endplates".

 


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  		Figure 2. Morphometric X-ray absortiometry scans of the phantom acquired on the Hologic QDR-4500A machine. (A) Posteroanterior centreline scan. (b) Lateral single energy scan.

 


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  		Figure 3. Images of phantom "vertebral bodies" acquired using (A) the single energy scan mode on the QDR-4500A, (B) the fast scan mode on the QDR-4500A, (C) the array scan mode on the QDR-4500A, (D) the high definition scan mode on the QDR-4500A and (E) the Expert-XL.

 


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  		Figure 4. Accuracy of phantom "vertebral" height measurement compared with the true height of 25 mm using three different dual energy X-ray absorptiometry machines and various morphometric X-ray absortiometry scan modes. (a) QDR-2000plus. (b) QDR-4500A. (c) Expert-XL. Scan modes: •, single energy; {blacktriangleup}, fast; {blacklozenge}, array; {blacksquare}, high definition.

 


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  		Figure 5. Mean total phantom height measured using the single energy scan mode on the QDR-4500A machine over a period of 130 weeks.

 


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  		Figure 6. Schematic representation of the possible protocols for point placement on a phantom "vertebral body" using the Expert-XL software.

 




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