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The use of beam angulation to overcome anisotropy when viewing human tendon with high frequency linear array ultrasound

¹ Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD
² Addenbroke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK

View larger version (106K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Ultrasound with a high frequency transducer of the biceps tendon demonstrating how an area of reduced echogenicity within the tendon (arrows in (a)) that mimics a focal area of tendon injury is revealed to represent normal tendon when the beam is angled perpendicular to the different regions of the tendon (b,c).

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. High frequency linear array ultrasound of the flexor digital tendon at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the right index finger. An area of low tendon echogenicity when the beam is oblique to the area of interest (a) is demonstrated to have normal tendon echogenicity when the incident beam is angulated perpendicular to the tendon without compromising skin contact (b–d).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. (a) Simultaneous stimulation of each crystal in the array results in a perpendicular propagated sound wave. (b) Graded stimulation results in an angulated propagated wave.