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First published online April 14, 2009
British Journal of Radiology (2009) 82, 1027-1032
© 2009 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/bjr/62484075
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Dose estimation by chromosome aberration analysis and micronucleus assays in victims accidentally exposed to 60Co radiation

Q Liu, MD 1 J Cao, MD 1 Z Q Wang 1 Y S Bai 2 Y M Lü, MD 3 Q L Huang 2 W Z Zhao 1 J Li 1 L P Jiang 1 W S Tang 1 B H Fu 3 and F Y Fan, MD 1

1 Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Centre for Nuclear Accident, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192 2 National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Chinese Centre for Disease Control; Medical Emergency Response Centre for Nuclear Accident, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088 3 Institute of Occupational Diseases Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China

Correspondence: Fei Yue Fan, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Centre for Nuclear Accident, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China. E-mail: faithyfan{at}yahoo.cn

The objective of this study was to assess the radiation exposure levels in victims of a 60Co radiation accident using chromosome aberration analysis and the micronucleus assay. Peripheral blood samples were collected from three victims exposed to 60Co 10 days after the accident and were used for the chromosome aberration and micronucleus assays. After in vitro culture of the lymphocytes, the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes and rings (dic+r) and the numbers of cytokinesis blocking micronuclei (CBMN) in the first mitotic division were determined and used to estimate radiation dosimetry. The Poisson distribution of the frequency of dic+r in lymphocytes was used to assess the uniformity of the exposure to 60Co radiation. Based on the frequency of dic+r in lymphocytes, estimates of radiation exposure of the three victims were 5.61 Gy (A), 2.48 Gy (B) and 2.68 Gy (C). The values were estimated based on the frequencies of CBMN, which were 5.45 Gy (A), 2.78 Gy (B) and 2.84 Gy (C). The estimated radiation dosimetry demonstrated a critical role in estimating the radiation dose and facilitating an accurate clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the frequencies of dir+r in victims A and B deviated significantly from a normal Poisson distribution. Chromosome aberration analysis offers a reliable means for estimating biological exposure to radiation. In the present study, the micronucleus assay demonstrated a high correlation with the chromosome aberration analysis in determining the radiation dosimetry 10 days after radiation exposure.






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