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Comparing two methods for assessment of perfusion–diffusion mismatch in a rodent model of ischaemic stroke: a pilot study

¹ Department of Radiology and ² Department of Molecular and Vascular Biology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, ³ Department of Radiology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China, ⁴ Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, 431-3192 Hamamatsu, Japan

Correspondence: Prof. Dr Yicheng Ni, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: Yicheng.Ni{at}med.kuleuven.ac.be

This stroke experiment was designed to define the mismatch between perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in MRI by applying early or instantly acquired PWI

Eight rats were induced with stroke through photothrombotic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and scanned serially between 1 h and day 3 after induction using DWI and PWI with a 1.5 T MR scanner. The relative lesion volumes (rLV) on MRI and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-stained specimens were defined as the proportion of lesion volume over brain volume. Discrepancies in the rLV between PWI- and DWI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were expressed by subtraction of the ADC from PWI, resulting in three possible patterns: (i) (PWI–ADC > 10% of PWI) denoting a mismatch; (ii) (–(10% of PWI)  PWI–ADC  10% of PWI) denoting a match; and (iii) (PWI–ADC < –(10% of PWI)) denoting a reverse mismatch. The differences were compared with the minuend being either early PWI (ePWI) or instant PWI (iPWI) and the subtrahend being instant ADC (iADC). The occurrence and evolution of PWI–ADC patterns were analysed. Over time, PWI–ADC discrepancies evolved from mismatch, through to match, to reversed mismatch. The PWI–ADC mismatch still existed 3 days after MCA occlusion in one to three of the eight cases. The rLVs and mismatch incidences between the ePWI–iADC and iPWI–iADC models were linear correlated. A higher mismatch rate occurred in iPWI–iADC within day 1 and in ePWI–iADC at day 3. Both ePWI and iPWI proved useful to define PWI–ADC patterns within day 1. At day 3, iPWI appeared more adequate.