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Differences in effective dose estimation from dose–area product and entrance surface dose measurements in intravenous urography

¹Medical Physics Department, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 115 27 Athens and ²Radiology Department and Medical Physics Unit, Konstantopoulio — Agia Olga Hospital, 3–5 Agias Olga, Nea Ionia, 142 33 Athens, Greece

In this study, measurements of dose–area product (DAP) and entrance surface dose (ESD) were carried out in a sample of 25 adult patients who underwent intravenous urography (IVU). These measured quantities were used to estimate the effective dose E from the IVU examination, a quantity closely correlated to radiation risk. Estimating E involves the use of conversion coefficients that have been determined for specific X-ray views in a mathematical phantom. These are obtained under conditions which are not usually met in clinical practice. As a result, the E estimates using the two different measurable quantities can be quite different. Analysis of the calculation procedure suggests that the E estimate using the DAP measurements, in addition to being more practical, could be more accurate than using ESD measurements, as DAP is sensitive to the X-ray field size settings. Furthermore, it is shown that in the absence of the appropriate equipment, a reliable E estimate can be obtained from the ESD calculated using the exposure data for each X-ray view.

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