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British Journal of Radiology (1984) 57, 409-414
© 1984 British Institute of Radiology
doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-57-677-409

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In utero exposure to A-bomb radiation and mental retardation; a reassessment

Masanori Otake, Ph.D. and William J. Schull, Ph.D. *

Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan

The prevalence of mental retardation in children exposed in utero to the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been re-evaluated in reference to gestational age and tissue dose in the fetus. There was no risk at 0–8 weeks postconception. The highest risk of forebrain damage occurred at 8–15 weeks of gestational age, the time when the most rapid proliferation of neuronal elements and when most, if not all, neuroblast migration to the cerebral cortex from the proliferative zones is occurring. Overall, the risk is five or more times greater in these weeks than in subsequent ones. In the critical period, damage expressed as the frequency of subsequent mental retardation appears to be linearly related to the dose received by the fetus. A linear model is not equally applicable to radiation-related mental retardation after the 15th week, the observed values suggesting that there a threshold may exist. The data are consistent with a probability of occurrence of mental retardation of 0.40% per cGy or 40% per gray.

* Present address: Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, P.O. Box 20334, Houston, Texas 77025 U.S.A.

Received for publication September 1, 1983. Accepted for publication December 1, 1983.




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