Figure 1. An 18-year-old woman (patient 3). (a) Venography of the right lower extremity showed stenosis (arrow) due to venous thrombus existing from the right common femoral to the proximal superficial femoral vein. (b) Gunther tulip retrievable vena cava filter was implanted via the right jugular vein (arrow). The filter was placed with its tip at the infrarenal level. (c) After filter placement, catheter­directed thrombolysis using 120 000 IU urokinase was performed via the catheter inserted from the right jugular vein. (d) Venography performed 23 days after the first treatment showed patency of the right common femoral to the proximal superficial femoral vein. Then, the Gunther tulip retrievable vena cava filter was retrieved. Before this, the filter had been replaced once. Note that treatments for deep venous thrombosis using interventional radiological techniques performed during the 23 days consisted of catheter­directed thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.